ESTIMATING REGIONAL ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCE FLOWS

Estimates of direct and indirect material and energy usage for New York State are derived from existing input-output and natural resource and energy databases. The work provides both a generally applicable methodology and an empirical example for estimating energy and material flow impacts at the regional level.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Optimal Reservoir Storage and Climate Change

Climate change is likely to impact the economic demand and supply for water resources. Changes in temperatures and effective precipitation will shift evapotranspiration and hence demand, while climate change throughout a watershed will change both the timing and quantity of water supplies. In this paper, we attempt to systematically consider optimal reservoir management strategies under changing water demand and supply

Performance of straightbred and crossbred swine

The objectives of this study were (1) to compare certain performance traits of hogs produced by two breeding systems, straightbreeding and crossbreeding, and (2) to compare the relative performance of straightbreds and of various crosses

Use of Shuttle Heritage Hardware in Space Launch System (SLS) Application-Structural Assessment

NASA is moving forward with the development of the next generation system of human spaceflight to meet the Nation's goals of human space exploration. To meet these goals, NASA is aggressively pursuing the development of an integrated architecture and capabilities for safe crewed and cargo missions beyond low-Earth orbit. Two important tenets critical to the achievement of NASA's strategic objectives are Affordability and Safety. The Space Launch System (SLS) is a heavy-lift launch vehicle being designed/developed to meet these goals. The SLS Block 1 configuration (Figure 1) will be used for the first Exploration Mission (EM-1). It utilizes existing hardware from the Space Shuttle inventory, as much as possible, to save cost and expedite the schedule. SLS Block 1 Elements include the Core Stage, "Heritage" Boosters, Heritage Engines, and the Integrated Spacecraft and Payload Element (ISPE) consisting of the Launch Vehicle Stage Adapter (LVSA), the Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) Stage Adapter (MSA), and an Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage (ICPS) for Earth orbit escape and beyond-Earth orbit in-space propulsive maneuvers. When heritage hardware is used in a new application, it requires a systematic evaluation of its qualification. In addition, there are previously-documented Lessons Learned (Table -1) in this area cautioning the need of a rigorous evaluation in any new application. This paper will exemplify the systematic qualification/assessment efforts made to qualify the application of Heritage Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) hardware in SLS. This paper describes the testing and structural assessment performed to ensure the application is acceptable for intended use without having any adverse impact to Safety. It will further address elements such as Loads, Material Properties and Manufacturing, Testing, Analysis, Failure Criterion and Factor of Safety (FS) considerations made to reach the conclusion and recommendation

Neuronavigation: how it continues to revolutionise neurosurgical practice

Summary: Neuronavigation is a surgical technology that gives real time image-guidance to neurosurgeons as they operate within the boundaries of the skull and spinal column. Prior to its development, the success of neurosurgery was highly variable as it was determined by the anatomical knowledge, experience and surgical aptitude of each neurosurgeon. However, operations were notoriously difficult, given lesions can be found deep within the brain or spinal cord. To accommodate for this, a large area of exposure was made, which increased the risk of damaging surrounding functional brain tissue. Neuronavigation revolutionised the neurosurgical practice of multiple subspecialites by providing intraoperative image guidance enabling neurosurgeons to precisely locate surgical targets and resect lesions with a minimally invasive technique. Relevance: In neuro-oncology, neuronavigation has increased the proportion of a brain lesion that can resected safely, which has lengthened the duration of survival and reduced post-operative complication rates. In neurovascular surgery, neuronavigation has optimised surgical approaches to difficult to reach cerebral aneurysms and reduced the risk of losing surgical orientation intraoperatively if a haemorrhage is present. In epilepsy surgery, neuronavigation has increased the accurate localisation of epileptogenic zones, which once resected can dramatically reduce the frequency of seizures for epilepsy resistant to medical management. Ultimately, such improvements have transformed patient outcomes worldwide. Take home messages: Neuronavigation has revolutionised the practice of neurosurgery by facilitating minimally invasive surgical technique in a range of neurosurgical subspecialties. It is not a static technology but continues to develop as new technologies continue to be integrated into it, and it presents further exciting prospects for the future of neurosurgery

Use of Shuttle Heritage Hardware in Space Launch System (SLS) Application - Structural Assessment

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